Headless JS
Headless JS 是一种在你的应用处于后台时运行 JavaScript 任务的方式。例如,它可以用于同步新数据、处理推送通知或播放音乐。
JS API
任务是一个异步函数,你需要在 AppRegistry
上注册它,类似于注册 React 应用
import {AppRegistry} from 'react-native';
AppRegistry.registerHeadlessTask('SomeTaskName', () =>
require('SomeTaskName'),
);
然后,在 SomeTaskName.js
中
module.exports = async taskData => {
// do stuff
};
你可以在你的任务中做任何事情,例如网络请求、定时器等等,只要它不涉及 UI。一旦你的任务完成(即 promise 被 resolve),React Native 将进入“暂停”模式(除非有其他任务正在运行,或者有前台应用)。
Platform API
是的,这仍然需要一些原生代码,但它非常少。你需要扩展 HeadlessJsTaskService
并重写 getTaskConfig
,例如。
- Java
- Kotlin
package com.your_application_name;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.facebook.react.HeadlessJsTaskService;
import com.facebook.react.bridge.Arguments;
import com.facebook.react.jstasks.HeadlessJsTaskConfig;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
public class MyTaskService extends HeadlessJsTaskService {
@Override
protected @Nullable HeadlessJsTaskConfig getTaskConfig(Intent intent) {
Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
if (extras != null) {
return new HeadlessJsTaskConfig(
"SomeTaskName",
Arguments.fromBundle(extras),
5000, // timeout in milliseconds for the task
false // optional: defines whether or not the task is allowed in foreground. Default is false
);
}
return null;
}
}
package com.your_application_name;
import android.content.Intent
import com.facebook.react.HeadlessJsTaskService
import com.facebook.react.bridge.Arguments
import com.facebook.react.jstasks.HeadlessJsTaskConfig
class MyTaskService : HeadlessJsTaskService() {
override fun getTaskConfig(intent: Intent): HeadlessJsTaskConfig? {
return intent.extras?.let {
HeadlessJsTaskConfig(
"SomeTaskName",
Arguments.fromBundle(it),
5000, // timeout for the task
false // optional: defines whether or not the task is allowed in foreground.
// Default is false
)
}
}
}
然后将服务添加到你的 AndroidManifest.xml
文件中 application
标签内
<service android:name="com.example.MyTaskService" />
现在,无论何时你 启动你的服务,例如作为一个周期性任务或响应一些系统事件/广播,JS 将启动,运行你的任务,然后关闭。
示例
- Java
- Kotlin
Intent service = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MyTaskService.class);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("foo", "bar");
service.putExtras(bundle);
getApplicationContext().startForegroundService(service);
val service = Intent(applicationContext, MyTaskService::class.java)
val bundle = Bundle()
bundle.putString("foo", "bar")
service.putExtras(bundle)
applicationContext.startForegroundService(service)
重试
默认情况下,headless JS 任务不会执行任何重试。为了做到这一点,你需要创建一个 HeadlessJsRetryPolicy
并抛出一个特定的 Error
。
LinearCountingRetryPolicy
是 HeadlessJsRetryPolicy
的一个实现,它允许你指定最大重试次数,并在每次尝试之间设置固定的延迟。如果这不能满足你的需求,那么你可以实现你自己的 HeadlessJsRetryPolicy
。这些策略可以作为额外的参数传递给 HeadlessJsTaskConfig
构造函数,例如。
- Java
- Kotlin
HeadlessJsRetryPolicy retryPolicy = new LinearCountingRetryPolicy(
3, // Max number of retry attempts
1000 // Delay between each retry attempt
);
return new HeadlessJsTaskConfig(
'SomeTaskName',
Arguments.fromBundle(extras),
5000,
false,
retryPolicy
);
val retryPolicy: HeadlessJsTaskRetryPolicy =
LinearCountingRetryPolicy(
3, // Max number of retry attempts
1000 // Delay between each retry attempt
)
return HeadlessJsTaskConfig("SomeTaskName", Arguments.fromBundle(extras), 5000, false, retryPolicy)
只有当抛出一个特定的 Error
时,才会进行重试尝试。在一个 headless JS 任务中,你可以导入该错误,并在需要重试尝试时抛出它。
示例
import {HeadlessJsTaskError} from 'HeadlessJsTask';
module.exports = async taskData => {
const condition = ...;
if (!condition) {
throw new HeadlessJsTaskError();
}
};
如果你希望所有错误都导致重试尝试,你将需要捕获它们并抛出上述错误。
注意事项
- 默认情况下,如果你尝试在前台应用运行时运行任务,你的应用将会崩溃。这是为了防止开发者因在任务中做大量工作而拖慢 UI 速度。你可以传递第四个
boolean
参数来控制此行为。 - 如果你从
BroadcastReceiver
启动你的服务,请确保在从onReceive()
返回之前调用HeadlessJsTaskService.acquireWakeLockNow()
。
使用示例
服务可以从 Java API 启动。首先你需要决定何时应该启动服务,并相应地实现你的解决方案。这是一个响应网络连接变化的示例。
以下行显示了用于注册广播接收器的 Android manifest 文件的一部分。
<receiver android:name=".NetworkChangeReceiver" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
广播接收器然后在 onReceive 函数中处理广播的 intent。这是一个检查你的应用是否在前台的好地方。如果应用不在前台,我们可以准备启动我们的 intent,不带信息或使用 putExtra
打包额外的的信息(请记住 bundle 只能处理 parcelable 值)。最后,服务启动并且 wakelock 被获取。
- Java
- Kotlin
import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.Network;
import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.os.Build;
import com.facebook.react.HeadlessJsTaskService;
public class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(final Context context, final Intent intent) {
/**
This part will be called every time network connection is changed
e.g. Connected -> Not Connected
**/
if (!isAppOnForeground((context))) {
/**
We will start our service and send extra info about
network connections
**/
boolean hasInternet = isNetworkAvailable(context);
Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, MyTaskService.class);
serviceIntent.putExtra("hasInternet", hasInternet);
context.startForegroundService(serviceIntent);
HeadlessJsTaskService.acquireWakeLockNow(context);
}
}
private boolean isAppOnForeground(Context context) {
/**
We need to check if app is in foreground otherwise the app will crash.
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8489993/check-android-application-is-in-foreground-or-not
**/
ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
List<ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo> appProcesses =
activityManager.getRunningAppProcesses();
if (appProcesses == null) {
return false;
}
final String packageName = context.getPackageName();
for (ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo appProcess : appProcesses) {
if (appProcess.importance ==
ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND &&
appProcess.processName.equals(packageName)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static boolean isNetworkAvailable(Context context) {
ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager)
context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
Network networkCapabilities = cm.getActiveNetwork();
if(networkCapabilities == null) {
return false;
}
NetworkCapabilities actNw = cm.getNetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
if(actNw == null) {
return false;
}
if(actNw.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) || actNw.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) || actNw.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
// deprecated in API level 29
NetworkInfo netInfo = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
return (netInfo != null && netInfo.isConnected());
}
}
import android.app.ActivityManager
import android.app.ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.net.ConnectivityManager
import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
import android.os.Build
import com.facebook.react.HeadlessJsTaskService
class NetworkChangeReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent?) {
/**
* This part will be called every time network connection is changed e.g. Connected -> Not
* Connected
*/
if (!isAppOnForeground(context)) {
/** We will start our service and send extra info about network connections */
val hasInternet = isNetworkAvailable(context)
val serviceIntent = Intent(context, MyTaskService::class.java)
serviceIntent.putExtra("hasInternet", hasInternet)
context.startForegroundService(serviceIntent)
HeadlessJsTaskService.acquireWakeLockNow(context)
}
}
private fun isAppOnForeground(context: Context): Boolean {
/**
* We need to check if app is in foreground otherwise the app will crash.
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8489993/check-android-application-is-in-foreground-or-not
*/
val activityManager = context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager
val appProcesses = activityManager.runningAppProcesses ?: return false
val packageName: String = context.getPackageName()
for (appProcess in appProcesses) {
if (appProcess.importance == RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND &&
appProcess.processName == packageName
) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
companion object {
fun isNetworkAvailable(context: Context): Boolean {
val cm = context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager
var result = false
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
val networkCapabilities = cm.activeNetwork ?: return false
val actNw = cm.getNetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities) ?: return false
result =
when {
actNw.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) -> true
actNw.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) -> true
actNw.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET) -> true
else -> false
}
return result
} else {
cm.run {
// deprecated in API level 29
cm.activeNetworkInfo?.run {
result =
when (type) {
ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI -> true
ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE -> true
ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET -> true
else -> false
}
}
}
}
return result
}
}
}